allionii-like lineages in a southern refugium of the Maritime Alps. marginata, followed by polyploidization between P. Our results suggest an initial episode of chloroplast capture involving ancestral lineages of P. latifolia, while the latter implies common origins between at least some ITS clones of P. The cpDNA and nrDNA topologies are in conflict, for the former supports shared ancestry between P. Hexaploids occur in the western and dodecaploids in the eastern part of the distributional range, respectively. We did not detect any intermediate cytotypes or variation of ploidy levels within populations. allopolyploid origin of dodecaploid populations. We used flow cytometry to determine variation and geographic distribution of cytotypes within and between populations and analyses of chloroplast (cp) and nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA sequences from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region to infer the evolutionary history of the two cytotypes and the auto- vs. The polyploid Primula marginata, endemic to the southwestern Alps, includes both hexaploid and dodecaploid cytotypes that show no ecological or morphological differences. Recent studies highlighted the role of Pleistocene climatic cycles in polyploid speciation and of southern Alpine refugia as reservoirs of diversity during glacial maxima.
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